![]() ![]() Both organizations update their standards from time to time, primarily because the continuing evolutions in control-system hardware provide additional possibilities for implementing control schemes.Īlthough arguments can be made for the advantages of each sym-bology, the practices within an industry seem to be mainly the result of historical practice with no indication of any significant shift. The fossil-fuel electric utility industry generally follows this standard. Scientific Apparatus Manufacturers Association (SAMA). The chemicals, refining, and foods industries generally follow this stan-Ģ. International Society for Measurement and Control (ISA). The symbology for drawing P&I diagrams generally follows standards developed by one of the following organizations:ġ. The P&I diagrams illustrate the measurement devices that provide inputs to the control strategy, the actuators that will implement the results of the control calculations, and the function blocks that provide the control logic. ![]() The process and instrumentation (P&I) diagram provides a graphical representation of the control configuration for the process. Luyben, Practical Distillation Control, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1992. General References: Shinskey, Process Control Systems, 3d ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1988. ![]()
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